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Sales of existing homes in the U.S. rose in April as foreclosure auctions and cheaper prices spurred bargain hunters, butt those who think this signals a market bottom would be wise to also notice that inventories of unsold homes have gone up, portending more price drops to come.

Sales were still down 3.5 percent compared with a year earlier.

Purchases increased 2.9 percent to an annual rate of 4.68 million from 4.55 million in March according to the National Association of Realtors. The median price was down 15 percent from a year earlier, the second-biggest drop on record.

The average price of a U.S. home fell 7.1 percent in the first quarter, slower than the fourth quarter’s 8.3 percent drop that was the largest on record, the Federal Housing Finance Agency said in Washington.

A pick-up in sales may eventually help trim the glut of unsold homes and eventually stem the slump in property values. But the number of houses on the market climbed 8.8 percent to 3.97 million in April. At the current sales pace, it would take 10.2 months to sell those homes, up from 9.6 months in March.

Distressed properties accounted for 45 percent of all existing-home sales, but this was down a bit from March, the NAR report showed. First-time buyers accounted for about 40 percent of April sales, also down from March.

Foreclosure filings in the U.S. rose to a record in April for the second consecutive month, Realtytrac Inc., a seller of foreclosure data, said May 13, as the jobless rate climbed to its highest in more than a quarter century. Foreclosure filings jumped 32 percent from a year earlier, the group said.

Recent increases in mortgage rates have hurt owners looking to lower monthly payments. Mortgage applications declined 14 percent last week, led by a plunge in refinancing, a report today from the Mortgage Bankers Association also showed. Still, the group’s purchase measure rose 1 percent, indicating rates are still low enough to spur sales.

Lower mortgage costs are also helping to make buying more affordable. Rates on 30-year fixed loans fell to 4.78 percent in April, the lowest level since Freddie Mac began keeping records in 1972. Federal Reserve purchases of mortgage securities have contributed to bringing down rates, economists said.

“The housing market is beginning to stabilize,” Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said in congressional testimony on May 5. “We continue to expect economic activity to bottom out, then to turn up later this year.”

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Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are ratcheting up their mandatory fees and toughening credit score and down-payment rules as of April 1.

Most major lenders already are pricing in these higher fees, effectively raising costs to borrowers immediately and reducing the impact of housing stimulus efforts from Congress and the Obama administration, according to the National Association of Realtors.

Charles McMillan, president of the realtors association, complained in a letter to the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the regulator of Fannie and Freddie, that the individual fee increases weren’t justified, and that in combination they could seriously deter home purchases.

Under Fannie’s and Freddie’s new guidelines, even applicants who assumed that their FICO credit scores would get them favorable rates will be charged more unless they can come up with down payments of 30 percent or more. For example, a buyer with a 699 FICO score who brings a sizable down payment of about 25 percent to the table will be hit with a 1.5 percent “delivery” fee at closing under the new guidelines.

A buyer with a FICO score between 700 and 720 will pay an extra three-quarters of a point. Even someone with a 739 FICO — once considered a platinum guarantee of the best rates available — will get dinged with a quarter-point add-on.

Condominium buyers who cannot come up with a 25 percent down payment will be hit with a three-quarter point add-on penalty, no matter how high their credit score — simply because they are not purchasing a traditional detached, stand-alone house.

Buyers of duplexes, where one unit is owner-occupied and the other is rented, will be charged a flat 1 percent add-on from Fannie, even if they have FICOs above 800 and make 50 percent down payments. Refinancers who take cash out at settlement also will be forced to pay extra — as much as three points if they have low credit scores and modest equity stakes.

Both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac say they are tacking on these extra fees to counter higher risks and losses associated with certain loan products, buyer equity stakes and credit scores. Declining home values in many parts of the country are intensifying losses for both companies when loans go to foreclosure.

Although they were quasi-private enterprises until September, Fannie and Freddie now are operating under federal control. Freddie spokesman Brad German said that some of the loan categories and credit risk combinations targeted in the latest round of fees “default at four to eight times” the rate of other mortgages in the company’s portfolio. “We have to manage these risks appropriately,” he added, and that means pricing them based on the probability of higher losses.

However, real estate agents, mortgage bankers and brokers are incensed at the new round of fee increases, calling them counterproductive in an environment in which housing needs help, not new impediments. They have begun lobbying Congress and the two companies’ federal overseers to scrap the latest add-ons.

But there’s an alternative available for just about anyone who wants to avoid the fees: Federal Housing Administration mortgages, where down payments go as low as 3.5 percent and credit scores are not an issue for most applicants.

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